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advanced-8y4qeprJson Schema

Last Updated: 3/12/2026

JSON Schema

Zod can convert schemas to JSON Schema format for use with other tools and documentation generators.

Basic Conversion

import * as z from "zod";
 
const User = z.object({
  name: z.string(),
  age: z.number().int().positive(),
});
 
const jsonSchema = User.toJSONSchema();
/* {
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "name": { "type": "string" },
    "age": { "type": "integer", "minimum": 1 }
  },
  "required": ["name", "age"]
} */

Descriptions

Add descriptions for documentation:

const User = z.object({
  name: z.string().describe("The user's full name"),
  age: z.number().describe("Age in years"),
}).describe("A user account");
 
const jsonSchema = User.toJSONSchema();

Limitations

Not all Zod features map to JSON Schema:

  • Transforms are not representable
  • Refinements may not convert
  • Async validation cannot be expressed

For these cases, the JSON Schema represents the input type before transforms/refinements.

What’s Next

CoercionCodecs